The situation in the Middle East remains critical due to the ongoing Iran-Israel conflict. Amidst the turmoil in the Arab world, the two global superpowers, China and the United States, are actively pivoting towards Africa. Both nations have distinct strategic interests. The United States is focusing on building a partnership with Eritrea by lifting sanctions to take advantage of the nation for its strategic benefits. Meanwhile, China is working to solidify its economic partnership with the African continent.
The US Strategy: Focus on Eritrea and the Red Sea
Due to the conflict involving Iran, Israel, and the US, the Strait of Hormuz faces potential closure. Consequently, the US is focusing on improving relations with the African nation of Eritrea. This move is driven by Eritrea's geographical significance, as it possesses a coastline of over 700 miles along the Red Sea. Currently, tensions between the US and Iran are high, with Iran threatening to block the Strait of Hormuz, a vital oil route. On top of that, Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen are threatening to close the Red Sea and the Bab al-Mandeb Strait. The US strategy involves establishing strong ties with Eritrea to increase its influence in the Red Sea and strengthen its backup strategy against Iran.
China's Strategy: Economic Dominance and Zero Tariff Policy
China's strategy focuses on enhancing its economic strength by making Africa its largest trading partner. According to data, China-Africa trade reached a record $348 billion in 2025, marking an increase of over 17 percent. In a significant move to facilitate trade, China has decided to implement a zero-tariff policy on all products from 53 African countries starting in May 2026. This decision is crucial for Africa as it will make African goods cheaper in the Chinese market, potentially boosting demand.
Shifting Global Economic Order
Recently, Melaku Geboye, an official from the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), stated that the old global economic order, which lasted for nearly 80 years, is now under immense pressure. As old rules break down and nations rethink their alliances, China's open policy is seen as a vital and timely intervention for Africa.
Key Highlights of the Strategic Shift
China is known for its soft power and aims to secure the supply of raw materials such as oil, minerals, and cobalt from its large-scale market while selling its own goods, including machinery, green tech, and solar products. Proximity to Africa is proving to be highly beneficial for China's long-term economic goals.