During the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in New York, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar made a powerful case for strengthening multilateralism amidst growing global tensions and geopolitical competition, while speaking at the 'Partners for Multilateralism' summit, Jaishankar highlighted that the world is currently facing significant challenges across various sectors, including peace, security, climate change, terrorism, emerging technologies, and global supply chains. He asserted that the solution to these complex issues lies solely in the collective efforts of nations working together in a coordinated manner.
The Need for Reformed Multilateralism
Jaishankar emphasized the urgent requirement for 'Reformed Multilateralism,' which involves making international institutions, including the United Nations, more inclusive and their decision-making processes more transparent. He pointed out that the world is undergoing a major structural transformation. According to the minister, the global balance of power has been shifting gradually over the past few decades, a change that was long anticipated. However, this transition has been complicated and intensified by extreme competition, geopolitical tensions, and actual conflicts. He warned that if these circumstances aren't managed properly, the very spirit of international cooperation could be jeopardized. That's why, he argued that multilateralism must step up and play its role more effectively in the current era.
Focus on International Cooperation and Global Security
The External Affairs Minister stated that the need for international cooperation extends far beyond mere diplomatic dialogues. It has a direct and profound impact on global peace, security, and development. Jaishankar listed several critical areas where the willingness of countries to collaborate is essential, while these include global peace and international security, climate action and climate justice, the regulation of emerging technologies, financing for development, combating terrorism, strengthening global supply chains, disaster management, and preparing for future pandemics. He noted that all major achievements in the international order to date have been the result of collective efforts. Consequently, he urged that while preserving what has been achieved, the world must strive to build an even better system for the future.
Addressing Immediate Crises: The 4 Fs
Jaishankar called for practical and targeted steps to deal with ongoing conflicts and global crises. He suggested that while efforts for comprehensive peace agreements continue, immediate action can be taken on specific aspects of conflicts. He specifically mentioned the challenges related to fuel, food, fertilizer, and finance—often referred to as the 4 Fs. He stressed that these four crises can't be left to resolve themselves, while the minister insisted that the global community must work together on multiple fronts where immediate collective action is required to alleviate the suffering caused by these shortages and economic pressures.
Technology, Guardrails, and Supply Chains
The speech also touched upon the challenges posed by emerging technologies and new capabilities. ' Plus, he highlighted the vulnerabilities in global supply chains. He argued that excessive dependence on any single location or system creates risks. To mitigate these risks, he encouraged the promotion of diversification and the development of alternative supply options. He stated that countries with shared interests should have the confidence to work together on issues where collective action is clearly needed.
Adherence to International Law and Bilateral Engagements
Jaishankar maintained that multilateralism can only be strengthened if there is full adherence to international law, rules, and standards, while he argued that simply advocating for multilateralism isn't enough; it must be reinforced through practice, which is why reforming the multilateral system is vital. This reform should involve greater participation from more countries and more transparent decision-making. On the sidelines of the UNGA, Jaishankar also engaged in several bilateral and multilateral meetings. He met with Swiss Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis to discuss the strengthening economic ties between India and Switzerland, particularly in the context of the India-European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement. Also, he met with the President of Nauru, David Adeang, praising the strong bilateral and multilateral cooperation between India and the Pacific island nation. Jaishankar reaffirmed India's commitment as a development partner for Nauru.