Science / Modern humans are only 1.5% homo sapiens, the remaining 98.5% still 'primitive'

Scientists have revealed that today's human being is not 100% Homo Sapiens. It is homo sapiens only from 1.5 percent to 7 percent. Much of the rest is still 'primitive'. In this new study, this disclosure has been made by studying the genome of humans. Let us know on what basis scientists are making this claim? Will this change the story of human evolution?

Associate Professor of Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California and lead author of the study Richard E. Green said that according to the study, only 1.5 to 7 percent of the genome is of Homo sapiens. The remaining 98.5 to 93.0 percent of the DNA belongs to Neanderthal humans.

Pro. Richard said that very few genomes have changed in the present human DNA. This change is special. Due to this change, today's human brain and its working system have evolved. Because of this one change, today's man is more intelligent than his ancestors, different.

However, this study does not explain the biological differences between present-day humans and Neanderthal humans. Pro. Richard says that this is a big question, for which we will have to do a lot of work in the future. But for the time being, we have come to know in which direction we will have to work to find this difference in the future.

Pro. Richard E. Green's study has recently been published in the journal Science Advances. In this study, researchers have studied different parts of the DNA of modern humans and tried to find out how much of Neanderthal humans are in today's DNA. Or we got that in the biological lineage.

Pro. Richard says that the ancient times we are talking about, at that time two human species had crossbreed among themselves. These two species were the newly evolving Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. Therefore, it was necessary to know how much of the genetic variant of Neanderthal humans is present in the present humans. Or the genome of Homo sapiens is more dominant.

For this, Professor Richard's team created an algorithm. It was named - speedy ancestral recombination graph estimator. Due to this, the team of scientists has been able to know how many genetic variants of Homo sapiens and Neanderthal humans are there in the present humans. Because genetic separation between modern humans and Neanderthals began about 5000 years ago

Pro. Richard studied 279 modern human genomes. In addition, two Neanderthal genomes, a Denisovans genome and an Archaic human genome were taken. To find out the genetic differences and similarities between all these humans, he took the help of Speedy Ancestoral Recombination Graph Estimator. It was then revealed that modern humans have 1.5 to 7 percent unique genomes of Homo sapiens.

Pro. Richard E. Green says the 1.5 percent value suggests that today's humans do not have the genetic components of Neanderthals and Denisovans. Which is going up to a maximum value of 7 percent. Richard and his colleagues were themselves surprised by this study. Because only 1.5 percent of the genome belongs to modern humans. 1.5 percent to 7 percent of the genomes are what we know. We know their work too. These are especially related to the development of the brain and its work.

The researchers also observed that genetic mutations occurred twice in humans. The first 6 million years ago and the second 2 million years ago. These genetic mutations were adaptive, that is, they were bringing about new changes, making new intelligent human brains. However, it was not known whether these changes were also related to the environment. Or these genetic changes have come about due to the environment.

Pro. Richard said that if today's scientists and researchers study these genetic mutations of humans, then they can find out what effect it had on the brain. Maybe this study will reveal how much of a logical and biological difference there was between Neanderthals and modern humans. That is, how much has changed in mind and body.

Pro. Richard said that scientists may be able to get back the genes of Neanderthal humans by taking the cells of today's humans and editing them genetically in the lab. It may not be exactly the same as the genome of a Neanderthal human, but it may be close enough to study our ancestors. From this it can be known that how much difference is there between the primitive humans of that time and the modern humans of today.