US and China Pivot to Africa: Eritrea Alliance and Zero-Tariff Trade Strategy Unveiled

Amid Middle East tensions, the US and China are intensifying their influence in Africa. The US is focusing on Eritrea to secure Red Sea routes against Iranian threats, while China implements a zero-tariff policy for 53 African nations to bolster its $348 billion trade partnership.

As the conflict between Iran and Israel continues to destabilize the Middle East, the world's two primary superpowers, the United States and China, are shifting their strategic focus toward Africa. Each nation is pursuing distinct objectives tailored to their national interests. S. is prioritizing geographical and maritime security, China is doubling down on its economic integration with the continent.

U.S. Strategy: Strengthening Ties with Eritrea for Red Sea Security

S. have put the Strait of Hormuz at risk of closure. In response, the United States is focusing on rehabilitating its relationship with the African nation of Eritrea. Eritrea holds a critical geographical position, boasting a coastline of over 700 miles along the Red Sea.

Currently, Iran has threatened to block the Strait of Hormuz, a vital artery for global oil transit. Also, Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen have issued threats to close the Red Sea and the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, while s. aims to expand its influence in the Red Sea and establish a strong backup strategy against Iranian maneuvers.

China’s Economic Offensive: Zero-Tariff Policy for 53 Nations

China is leveraging its economic prowess to solidify its presence in Africa, aiming to become the continent's most significant trading partner. According to recent data, China-Africa trade surged by over 17 percent in 2025, reaching a record-breaking $348 billion.

In a major policy shift, China has decided to implement a zero-tariff policy on all products from 53 African countries starting in May 2026. This move is expected to make African goods Importantly cheaper in the Chinese market, thereby driving up demand and fostering deeper economic ties, while this initiative comes at a time when African nations are seeking broader market access for their exports.

Shifting Global Economic Order and China’s Soft Power

Melaku Geboye, an official from the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), recently noted that the 80-year-old global economic order is currently under immense pressure. As traditional rules dissolve, nations are re-evaluating their alliances. Geboye emphasized that China’s open-door policy is both timely and essential for Africa's development.

China is also utilizing its soft power to secure a steady supply of raw materials, including oil, minerals, and cobalt. Simultaneously, it seeks to export its industrial output, such as machinery, green technology, and solar equipment, to the growing African market.